chapter 1 Essays

chapter 1 Essays chapter 1 Essay chapter 1 Essay CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Siopao is one of the dish that the Filipinos adopted from the Chinese and it became very popular and a favourite among many Filipino. Siopao is also called Salapao in Thailand, Baozi in China, Pau in Hongkong, or simply known as Steamed buns in English. Siopao is one of the Filipinos favourite snacks or meals. It does not require utensils to eat and it can be consumed on the go. That is one of the reasons Siopao can easily found on the sidewalk at vendors or eatery. Siopao is a Filipino steamed bun with savory meat filling. It is a larger version of Chinese dumplings. Traditionally, the two kinds of siopao flavor are asado and bola-bola. Other kinds can be made, and the fillings for siopao are limitless. Asado siopao is made with pork or beef cooked in soy sauce and seasonings. Bola- bola siopao is made with pork and Chinese sausage, which are baked with egg and flour. The dough is made from rice flour. Asado is the most popular kind, and can be found in the Philippines at both street vendors and restaurants. The convenience of being able to eat this dish with one hand is part of its appeal. Asado siopao is made ith pork or beef cooked in soy sauce and seasonings. Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? 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Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Chapter 1 Paper Storm and stress view G. Stanley Halls concept that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings. inventionist view The view that adolescence is a sociohistorical creation. Especially important in this view are the sociohistorical circumstances at the beginning of the twentieth century, a time when legislation was enacted that ensured the dependency of youth and made their move into the economic sphere more manageable. stereotype A generalization that reflects our impressions and beliefs about a broad group of people. All stereotypes refer to an image of what the typical member of a particular group is like. adolescent generalization gap Adelsons concept of generalizations about adolescents based on information about a limited, highly visible group of adolescents. contexts The settings in which development occurs. These settings are influenced by historical, economic, social and cultural factors. social policy A national governments course of action designed to influence the welfare of its citizens. generational inequality The unfair treatment of younger members of an aging society in which older adults pile up advantages by receiving inequitably large allocations of resources, such as Social Security and Medicare. development The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span. Most development involves growth,. although it also includes decay, (as in death and dying) biological processes Physical change in an individuals body. cognitive processes Changes in an individuals thinking and intelligence. socioemotional processes Changes in an individuals personality, emotions, relationships with other people and social contexts. prenatal period The time from conception to birth. infancy The developmental period that extends from birth to 18 or 24 months of age. early childhood The developmental period extending from the end of infancy to about 5 or 6 years of age; sometimes called the preschool years. middle and late childhood The developmental period extending from about 6 to about 10 or 11 years of age; sometimes called the elementary school years. adolescence The developmental period of transition from childhood to adulthood; it involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes. early adolescence The developmental period that corresponds roughly to the middle school or junior high school years and includes most pubertal changes. late adolescence Approximately the latter half of the second decade of life. Career interests, dating and identity exploration are often more pronounced in late adolescence than in early adolescence. early adulthood The developmental period beginning in the late teens or early twenties and lasting through the thirties. middle adulthood The developmental period that is entered at about 35 or 45 years of age and exited at about 55 or 65 years of age. late adulthood The developmental period that lasts from about 60 to 70 years of age until death. emerging adulthood The developmental period occurring from approximately 18 to 25 years of age, this transitional period between adolescence and adulthood is characterized by experimentation and exploration. resilience Adapting positively and achieving successful outcomes in the face of significant risks and adverse circumstances. nature-nurture issue The issue involving the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture. Nature refers to an organisms biological inheritance, nurture to its environmental experiences. continuity-discontinuity issue The issue regarding whether development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity). early-later experience issue This issue focuses on the degree to which early experiences (especially early in childhood) or later experiences are the key determinants of development. theory An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena and make predictions. hypotheses Specific assertions and predictions that can be tested. psychoanalytical theories These are theories that describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface characteristic and the symbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior. Early experiences with parents are emphasized. Eriksons Theory Includes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crises that must be faced. Piagets Theory States that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development. Vygotskys Theory A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development. information processing theory Emphasizes that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. Central to this approach are the processes of memory and thinking. social cognitive theory The view of psychologists who emphasize behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors in development. Brofenbrenners Ecological Theory This theory focuses on the influence of five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. eclectic theoretical orientation An orientation that does not follow any one theoretical approach but rather selects from each theory whatever is considered the best in it. laboratory A controlled setting in which many of the complex factors of the real world are removed. naturalistic observation Observing behavior in real world settings. standardized test A test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring. Many standardized tests allow a persons performance to be compared with the performance of other individuals. experience sampling method (ESM) Involves providing participants with electronic pagers and then beeping them at random times, at which point they are asked to report on various aspects of their lives. case study An in-depth look at a single individual. descriptive research Research the aims to observe and record behavior. correlational research Research whos goal is to describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics. correlation coeffecient A number based on a statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables. experimental research Research that involves an experiment, a carefully regulated procedure in which one ore more of the factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated while all other factors are held constant. independent variable The factor that is manipulated in experimental research. dependent variable The factor that is measured in experimental research. cross-sectional research A research strategy in which individuals of different ages are compared at one time. longitudinal research A research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more. gender bias A preconceived notion about the abilities of females and males that prevents individuals from pursuing their own interests and achieving their potential. ethnic gloss Using an ethnic label such as African American or Latino in a superficial way that portrays an ethnic group to be more homogeneous than it actually is.